论文标题
过境最小二乘调查-III。 $ 1.9 \,r_ \ oplus $ $ transit候选者在开普勒160的居住区和一个以过境定时变化为特征的非传输行星
Transit least-squares survey -- III. A $1.9\,R_\oplus$ transit candidate in the habitable zone of Kepler-160 and a nontransiting planet characterized by transit-timing variations
论文作者
论文摘要
众所周知,众所周知,Sun样恒星Kepler-160(KOI-456)容纳了两个过渡行星Kepler-160 B和C,其中C行星C显示出大量的传输变化(TTVS)。我们使用Kepler-160的档案开普勒光度法来搜索其他WOTAN损坏算法和我们的过境最小二乘(TLS)检测算法的结合。我们还使用汞n体重力代码来研究系统的轨道动力学。首先,我们恢复了已知的Transit系列Kepler-160 B和C。然后,我们发现了一个新的过渡候选者,半径为1.91(+0.17,-0.14)地球半径(R_EAR),轨道周期为378.417(+0.028,-0.025)d,dearter -like ander -like nike serain。 VESPA软件预测,当考虑到系统的多样性时,该信号具有fpp_3 = 1.8e-3的天体假阳性概率。开普勒审核诊断产生了MES = 10.7的多个事件统计量,这对应于由于诸如滚动频带等工具伪像引起的错误警报的约85%的可靠性。我们还能够用以前未知的行星的存在来解释行星C的观察到的TTV。但是,这个新星球的时期和质量与新的过境候选者的时期和质量不符。我们的马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛对开普勒160 C的TTV进行了模拟,可以通过一个新的非传输行星最终解释,质量约为1至100个地球质量,轨道周期约7至50 d。我们得出的结论是,开普勒160至少有三个行星,其中一个是非传输行星开普勒160 d。由这个新行星引起的预期恒星径向速度幅度约为1至20 m/s。我们还在该系统的可居住区中发现了超级地球大小的候选行星候选行星KOI-456.04,这可能是第四行星。
The Sun-like star Kepler-160 (KOI-456) has been known to host two transiting planets, Kepler-160 b and c, of which planet c shows substantial transit-timing variations (TTVs). We used the archival Kepler photometry of Kepler-160 to search for additional transiting planets using a combination of our Wotan detrending algorithm and our transit least-squares (TLS) detection algorithm. We also used the Mercury N-body gravity code to study the orbital dynamics of the system. First, we recovered the known transit series of planets Kepler-160 b and c. Then we found a new transiting candidate with a radius of 1.91 (+0.17, -0.14) Earth radii (R_ear), an orbital period of 378.417 (+0.028, -0.025) d, and Earth-like insolation. The vespa software predicts that this signal has an astrophysical false-positive probability of FPP_3 = 1.8e-3 when the multiplicity of the system is taken into account. Kepler vetting diagnostics yield a multiple event statistic of MES = 10.7, which corresponds to an ~85 % reliability against false alarms due to instrumental artifacts such as rolling bands. We are also able to explain the observed TTVs of planet c with the presence of a previously unknown planet. The period and mass of this new planet, however, do not match the period and mass of the new transit candidate. Our Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations of the TTVs of Kepler-160 c can be conclusively explained by a new nontransiting planet with a mass between about 1 and 100 Earth masses and an orbital period between about 7 and 50 d. We conclude that Kepler-160 has at least three planets, one of which is the nontransiting planet Kepler-160 d. The expected stellar radial velocity amplitude caused by this new planet ranges between about 1 and 20 m/s. We also find the super-Earth-sized transiting planet candidate KOI-456.04 in the habitable zone of this system, which could be the fourth planet.