论文标题
重新审查资金和劳动力，以评估发展中国家的环保商品和服务
Revisiting money and labor for valuing environmental goods and services in developing countries
论文作者
论文摘要
许多在发展中国家进行的偏好研究为广泛的商品和服务提供了较低的付款意愿（WTP）。但是，这些国家的最新研究表明，这可能部分是付款工具选择的结果，而不是对商品的偏爱。因此，低WTP可能不会表明对发展中国家的公共项目的福利效应低。我们认为，在1）金钱和其他财富措施（例如劳动力）和2）机构之间被认为是腐败的，包括当前可用于个人可用的付款工具，并且可能需要对腐败较不敬业的付款工具来获得有效的福利估计，这是损坏的。否则，我们有可能低估项目的福利。我们通过旨在引起埃塞俄比亚获得可靠灌溉水价值的农村家庭应有估值（CV）调查来证明这一点。在获得可靠灌溉服务的年度平均年度WTP中，现金贡献仅占24.41％。这意味着，由于估值研究中的付款车辆选择不匹配，由于福利收益的低估，可能会根据成本效益分析拒绝社会期望的项目。
Many Stated Preference studies conducted in developing countries provide a low willingness to pay (WTP) for a wide range of goods and services. However, recent studies in these countries indicate that this may partly be a result of the choice of payment vehicle, not the preference for the good. Thus, low WTP may not indicate a low welfare effect for public projects in developing countries. We argue that in a setting where 1) there is imperfect substitutability between money and other measures of wealth (e.g. labor), and 2) institutions are perceived to be corrupt, including payment vehicles that are currently available to the individual and less pron to corruption may be needed to obtain valid welfare estimates. Otherwise, we risk underestimating the welfare benefit of projects. We demonstrate this through a rural household contingent valuation (CV) survey designed to elicit the value of access to reliable irrigation water in Ethiopia. Of the total average annual WTP for access to reliable irrigation service, cash contribution comprises only 24.41 %. The implication is that socially desirable projects might be rejected based on cost-benefit analysis as a result of welfare gain underestimation due to mismatch of payment vehicles choice in valuation study.
