论文标题
联合Cloudlets中的集中和分散的非合作负载平衡游戏
Centralized and Decentralized Non-Cooperative Load-Balancing Games among Federated Cloudlets
论文作者
论文摘要
来自不同服务提供商的Cloudlet之类的边缘计算服务器补偿了移动设备的稀缺计算,内存和能源资源。但是,根据相关移动设备的移动性模式和动态变化的计算要求,网络不同部分的Cloudlet要么被超载或负载下载。因此,相邻的Cloudlet之间的负载平衡似乎是一个必不可少的研究问题。但是,现有的负载平衡框架不适合低延迟应用。因此,在本文中,我们提出了一个经济和非合作负载平衡游戏,用于与来自相同和不同的服务提供商以及不同类别的工作请求类别的联合邻近的Cloudlet之间的低延期应用程序。首先,我们提出了一种集中的激励机制,以计算中性介体的监督下的纯策略NASH平衡负载平衡策略。有了这种机制,我们确保将私人信息的真实启示向调解员是所有联合云层的弱势策略。其次,我们提出了一个基于自动机的连续性增强学习算法,该算法允许每个Cloudlet在完全分布的网络设置中独立计算NASH平衡。我们批判性地研究了设计的学习算法的收敛属性,从而使我们对潜在的负载平衡游戏的理解以提高收敛速度。此外,通过广泛的模拟,我们研究了探索和剥削对学习准确性的影响。这是第一个显示增强学习算法在相邻Cloudlets中平衡游戏的有效性的研究。
Edge computing servers like cloudlets from different service providers compensate scarce computational, memory, and energy resources of mobile devices, are distributed across access networks. However, depending on the mobility pattern and dynamically varying computational requirements of associated mobile devices, cloudlets at different parts of the network become either overloaded or under-loaded. Hence, load balancing among neighboring cloudlets appears to be an essential research problem. Nonetheless, the existing load balancing frameworks are unsuitable for low-latency applications. Thus, in this paper, we propose an economic and non-cooperative load balancing game for low-latency applications among federated neighboring cloudlets from the same as well as different service providers and heterogeneous classes of job requests. Firstly, we propose a centralized incentive mechanism to compute the pure strategy Nash equilibrium load balancing strategies of the cloudlets under the supervision of a neutral mediator. With this mechanism, we ensure that the truthful revelation of private information to the mediator is a weakly-dominant strategy for all the federated cloudlets. Secondly, we propose a continuous-action reinforcement learning automata-based algorithm, which allows each cloudlet to independently compute the Nash equilibrium in a completely distributed network setting. We critically study the convergence properties of the designed learning algorithm, scaffolding our understanding of the underlying load balancing game for faster convergence. Furthermore, through extensive simulations, we study the impacts of exploration and exploitation on learning accuracy. This is the first study to show the effectiveness of reinforcement learning algorithms for load balancing games among neighboring cloudlets.