论文标题
墙壁结合的流中的壁相干性及其对流量控制的影响
Near wall coherence in wall-bounded flows and implications for flow control
论文作者
论文摘要
使用数值方法在壁结合的湍流中近壁条纹的能量循环的对立循环显示出了减少阻力的希望。对于实际实施,只有在控制系统的传感器对之间存在一定程度的连贯性(这些传感器和执行器通常应基于壁)以避免寄生阻力)。因此,我们在这里通过考虑可测量的壁量量化,壁剪切应力波动以及在湍流边界层中的流向和壁正常速度波动之间的相干性来检查近壁周期实时控制的可行性。使用$re_τ\ $ 590 $的数值模拟中的同步空间和时间速度数据,并采用了$ 2000 $。结果表明,与壁信号随机不一致的流速度波动的光谱能与近壁区域中的雷诺数无关。因此,随机壁层的流向能量分数随着雷诺数的数量而生长,这是由于能量较大的大尺度范围的增加。因此,这意味着一个基于壁的控制系统可以在较高的雷诺数下操纵偏远位置的总湍流能量的较大部分。在流向和壁正态速度波动之间,在能量光谱图中分别在流向和壁正常速度波动之间发现了0.55和0.4的相干值,这些相干值大大低于最大可能的相干1。这表明,随着雷诺数的增长,仅一条条纹靠近壁周期的封闭环减少方案将在实践中取得有限的成功。
Opposition-control of the energetic cycle of near wall streaks in wall-bounded turbulence, using numerical approaches, has shown promise for drag reduction. For practical implementation, opposition control is only realizable if there is a degree of coherence between the sensor--actuator pairs of the control system (these sensors and actuators should typically be wall-based to avoid parasitic drag). As such, we here inspect the feasibility of real-time control of the near-wall cycle, by considering the coherence between a measurable wall-quantity, being the wall-shear stress fluctuations, and the streamwise and wall-normal velocity fluctuations in a turbulent boundary layer. Synchronized spatial and temporal velocity data from numerical simulations at $Re_τ\approx 590$ and $ 2000$ are employed. It is shown that the spectral energy of the streamwise velocity fluctuations that is stochastically incoherent with wall signals is independent of Reynolds number in the near wall region. Consequently, the streamwise energy-fraction that is stochastically wall-coherent grows with Reynolds number due to the increasing range of energetic large scales. This thus implies that a wall-based control system has the ability to manipulate a larger portion of the total turbulence energy at off-wall locations, at higher Reynolds numbers. Coherence values of 0.55 and 0.4, which are considerably lower than the maximum possible coherence 1, were found between the streamwise and wall-normal velocity fluctuations at the near wall peak in the energy spectrogram, respectively, and the streamwise fluctuating friction velocity. This suggests that a closed-loop drag reduction scheme targeting near wall cycle of streaks alone will be of limited success in practice as the Reynolds number grows.