论文标题
半经典量子马尔可夫主方程。案例研究:多刺系统的连续波磁共振
Semiclassical Quantum Markovian Master Equations. Case Study: Continuous Wave Magnetic Resonance of Multispin Systems
论文作者
论文摘要
我们提出了一种将环境/储层委托到经典描述时得出类似Lindblad的主方程的方法。作为概念证明,我们将方法应用于连续波(CW)磁共振。我们利用我们称为“仿射换向扰动”(ACP)的扰动方案。与传统的扰动方法不同,ACP的优点是即使在零阶近似下,也可以纳入扰动的某些效果。实际上,我们将其集中在零阶上,并展示即使在最低的顺序下,ACP方案仍然可以产生非平凡且同样重要的结果。与文献中纯粹的马尔可夫主方程相反,我们明确地将术语线性保留在系统 - 环境相互作用中 - 在扰动的所有顺序中。在Zeroth-order上,我们表明这导致了一个动力学,其映射为非CP(完全为正),但渐近地将CP映射接近$ t \ to +\ to +\ infty $。我们还认为,该线性术语解释了系统对环境存在的线性响应 - 因此,在此类(半经典)类似Lindblad的主方程的范围内,预示了线性响应理论(LRT)。还定义了动力学的绝热过程极限,并在CW磁共振的背景下进行了大量探索。在这里,与标准(绝热过程)LRT(由Kubo and Co。制定)和类似Lindblad的主方程之间的显着联系相同。随之而来的是,我们展示了在某些条件下可以轻松地生成多动系统系统的简单棒状棒磁共振光谱。
We propose a method for deriving Lindblad-like master equations when the environment/reservoir is consigned to a classical description. As a proof of concept, we apply the method to continuous wave (CW) magnetic resonance. We make use of a perturbation scheme we have termed "affine commutation perturbation" (ACP). Unlike traditional perturbation methods, ACP has the advantage of incorporating some effects of the perturbation even at the zeroth-order approximation. Indeed, we concentrate here on the zeroth-order, and show how -- even at this lowest order -- the ACP scheme can still yield non-trivial and equally important results. In contradistinction to the purely quantum Markovian master equations in the literature, we explicitly keep the term linear in the system-environment interaction -- at all orders of the perturbation. At the zeroth-order, we show that this results in a dynamics whose map is non-CP (Completely Positive) but approaches asymptotically a CP map as $t \to +\infty$. We also argue that this linear term accounts for the linear response of the system to the presence of the environment -- thus the harbinger for a linear response theory (LRT) within the confines of such (semiclassical) Lindblad-like master equations. The adiabatic process limit of the dynamics is also defined, and considerably explored in the context of CW magnetic resonance. Here, the same linear term emerges as the preeminent link between standard (adiabatic process) LRT (as formulated by Kubo and co.) and Lindblad-like master equations. And with it, we show how simple stick-plot CW magnetic resonance spectra of multispin systems can be easily generated under certain conditions.