论文标题
晶格量规理论中楼梯预瓦的起源
Origin of staircase prethermalization in lattice gauge theories
论文作者
论文摘要
具有精确局部量规对称性的量子多体系统表现出丰富的平衡物理，例如受限动力学和无序定位。在联合提交中[J. C. Halimeh和P. Hauke，Arxiv：2004.07248]，我们在$ \ mathrm {z} _2 $ lattice Gauge理论中呈现\ textit {楼梯{楼梯prethermalization}的证据。在这里，我们在分析和数值上巩固了这一发现以及相关的非扰动时间尺度。通过Magnus的扩张，我们证明了不同规范不变的超级电视镜之间的确切共振是楼梯prethermalization出现的主要原因。此外，除了各种边界条件（例如不同的最大现场物质职业）之外，我们还展示了我们结论对各种初始条件（包括不同的系统尺寸，物质填充物和规范范围）的鲁棒性。我们还详细阐述了我们的结论是局部对称模型独有的，以及为什么它们在全球对称性破裂的情况下分解。此外，我们将结果扩展到$ \ mathrm {u}（1）$ lattice仪表理论，说明了我们发现的一般性。我们的工作为晶格仪理论的约束动力学提供了分析基础，并提供了仪表理论动力学对实验环境中错误的某种固有鲁棒性的证明。
Quantum many-body systems with exact local gauge symmetries exhibit rich out-of-equilibrium physics such as constrained dynamics and disorder-free localization. In a joint submission [J. C. Halimeh and P. Hauke, arXiv:2004.07248], we present evidence of \textit{staircase prethermalization} in a $\mathrm{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory subjected to a small breaking of gauge invariance. Here, we consolidate this finding and the associated emergent nonperturbative timescales analytically and numerically. By means of a Magnus expansion, we demonstrate how exact resonances between different gauge-invariant supersectors are the main reason behind the emergence of staircase prethermalization. Furthermore, we showcase the robustness of our conclusions against various initial conditions including different system sizes, matter fillings, and gauge-invariance sectors, in addition to various boundary conditions, such as different maximal on-site matter occupations. We also elaborate on how our conclusions are unique to local-symmetry models and why they break down in the case of global-symmetry breaking. We moreover extend our results to $\mathrm{U}(1)$ lattice gauge theories, illustrating the generality of our findings. Our work offers an analytic footing into the constrained dynamics of lattice gauge theories and provides proof of a certain intrinsic robustness of gauge-theory dynamics to errors in experimental settings.
