论文标题

COVID-19大流行中的供求和需求冲击:行业和职业的观点

Supply and demand shocks in the COVID-19 pandemic: An industry and occupation perspective

论文作者

del Rio-Chanona, R. Maria, Mealy, Penny, Pichler, Anton, Lafond, Francois, Farmer, Doyne

论文摘要

我们为在个别职业和行业水平上与COVID-19的大流行有关的美国经济提供一级供求冲击的定量预测。为了分析供应冲击,我们将行业归类为必不可少的或不必要的劳动指数,该指数衡量了不同职业在家工作的能力。需求冲击是基于对美国国会预算办公室发展的严重流感流行病的可能影响的研究。与前期前时期相比,这些冲击将威胁到美国经济GDP的22%,危害24%的就业机会,并将总工资收入减少17%。在行业一级,运输等部门可能会受到需求冲击的限制,而与制造,采矿和服务有关的部门更有可能受到供应冲击的限制。娱乐,餐馆和旅游业面临巨大的供应冲击。在职业级别,我们表明,高薪职业相对免受不利供应和需求侧冲击的影响,而低薪职业则更容易受到伤害。我们应该强调的是,我们的结果只是一阶冲击 - 我们希望它们会通过生产网络中的反馈效应大大放大。

We provide quantitative predictions of first order supply and demand shocks for the U.S. economy associated with the COVID-19 pandemic at the level of individual occupations and industries. To analyze the supply shock, we classify industries as essential or non-essential and construct a Remote Labor Index, which measures the ability of different occupations to work from home. Demand shocks are based on a study of the likely effect of a severe influenza epidemic developed by the US Congressional Budget Office. Compared to the pre-COVID period, these shocks would threaten around 22% of the US economy's GDP, jeopardise 24% of jobs and reduce total wage income by 17%. At the industry level, sectors such as transport are likely to have output constrained by demand shocks, while sectors relating to manufacturing, mining and services are more likely to be constrained by supply shocks. Entertainment, restaurants and tourism face large supply and demand shocks. At the occupation level, we show that high-wage occupations are relatively immune from adverse supply and demand-side shocks, while low-wage occupations are much more vulnerable. We should emphasize that our results are only first-order shocks -- we expect them to be substantially amplified by feedback effects in the production network.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源