论文标题
族裔团体获得国家权力和团体规模
Ethnic Groups' Access to State Power and Group Size
论文作者
论文摘要
许多国家在种族上多样化。然而，尽管种族异质性有好处，但基于种族的政治不平等和歧视是普遍的。为什么这是？这项研究表明，基于种族的政治不平等的一部分差异取决于每个国家内种族的相对规模。从1946年到2017年，我使用175个国家 /地区的569个族裔的小组级数据，发现证据表明族裔的相对规模与其获得权力之间存在倒置形状的关系。这种单峰的关系对于许多替代规格都是牢固的，并且一系列稳健性检查表明，相对大小会影响获得功率的访问。通过一个非常简单的模型，我提出了一个基于最初高水平的政治不平等的解释，并基于激励措施，即更强大的团体必须继续限制其他团体获得权力的机会。这种解释结合了几种现有理论关于群体规模和歧视之间关系的基本要素，并提出了一个新的经验预测：在历史上政治机构不太开放的国家中，单峰模式应该较弱。数据支持了这一附加预测。
Many countries are ethnically diverse. However, despite the benefits of ethnic heterogeneity, ethnic-based political inequality and discrimination are pervasive. Why is this? This study suggests that part of the variation in ethnic-based political inequality depends on the relative size of ethnic groups within each country. Using group-level data for 569 ethnic groups in 175 countries from 1946 to 2017, I find evidence of an inverted-U-shaped relationship between an ethnic group's relative size and its access to power. This single-peaked relationship is robust to many alternative specifications, and a battery of robustness checks suggests that relative size influences access to power. Through a very simple model, I propose an explanation based on an initial high level of political inequality, and on the incentives that more powerful groups have to continue limiting other groups' access to power. This explanation incorporates essential elements of several existing theories on the relationship between group size and discrimination, and suggests a new empirical prediction: the single-peaked pattern should be weaker in countries where political institutions have historically been less open. This additional prediction is supported by the data.
