论文标题
不正确的社会信息对人类集体智慧的影响
The impact of incorrect social information on collective wisdom in human groups
论文作者
论文摘要
大量使用社交媒体网络引起的一个主要问题是信息的扩散。但是，很少有研究调查了不正确信息对个人和集体决策的影响。我们进行了实验，其中参与者必须在收到社会信息之前和之后估算一系列数量。他们不为人知，我们通过“虚拟影响者”来控制社会信息不准确的程度，这些信息提供了一些不正确的信息。我们发现，很大一部分人只部分遵循社会信息，从而抵制不正确的信息。此外，我们发现错误的社会信息可以通过部分补偿人类低估偏见来高估了真实价值时可以帮助一个群体的表现更好。总体而言，我们的结果表明，错误的信息不一定会损害群体的集体智慧，甚至可以用来抑制已知认知偏见的负面影响。
A major problem that resulted from the massive use of social media networks is the diffusion of incorrect information. However, very few studies have investigated the impact of incorrect information on individual and collective decisions. We performed experiments in which participants had to estimate a series of quantities before and after receiving social information. Unbeknownst to them, we controlled the degree of inaccuracy of the social information through "virtual influencers", who provided some incorrect information. We find that a large proportion of individuals only partially follow the social information, thus resisting incorrect information. Moreover, we find that incorrect social information can help a group perform better when it overestimates the true value, by partly compensating a human underestimation bias. Overall, our results suggest that incorrect information does not necessarily impair the collective wisdom of groups, and can even be used to dampen the negative effects of known cognitive biases.
