论文标题

与Gaia DR2天文统计的未解决的恒星伴侣

Unresolved stellar companions with Gaia DR2 astrometry

论文作者

Belokurov, Vasily, Penoyre, Zephyr, Oh, Semyeong, Iorio, Giuliano, Hodgkin, Simon, Evans, N. Wyn, Everall, Andrew, Koposov, Sergey E., Tout, Christopher A., Izzard, Robert, Clarke, Cathie J., Brown, Anthony G. A.

论文摘要

对于具有未解决的伴侣的恒星,光中心的运动和质量切换的运动,导致单源天体模型的性能较差。我们表明,作为Gaia DR2的一部分,可以通过减少的CHI2统计量或RUWE轻松检测此类恒星。我们将ruwe转换为图像质心摆动的幅度,如果按源距离缩放,则与同伴之间的物理分离成正比(长达几年)。我们在已知光谱二进制的样本上测试了这一想法,并证明了质心扰动的幅度与二元期和质量比如所预期的。我们将此技术应用于Gaia DR2数据,并显示了二元分数如何在Hertzsprung-Russell图中演变。观察到的未解决同伴的发生率很高,对于年轻的恒星而言,恒星质量稳定下降,达到白矮人的最低水平。我们突出显示了附近蓝色散落者和蓝色水平分支星的高架二进制部分。我们还说明了未解决的层次三元结构如何膨胀广泛的二进制文件中的相对速度信号。最后,我们指出了一些证据表明,存在其他伴侣的伴侣。

For stars with unresolved companions, motions of the centre of light and that of mass decouple, causing a single-source astrometric model to perform poorly. We show that such stars can be easily detected with the reduced chi2 statistic, or RUWE, provided as part of Gaia DR2. We convert RUWE into the amplitude of the image centroid wobble, which, if scaled by the source distance, is proportional to the physical separation between companions (for periods up to several years). We test this idea on a sample of known spectroscopic binaries and demonstrate that the amplitude of the centroid perturbation scales with the binary period and the mass ratio as expected. We apply this technique to the Gaia DR2 data and show how the binary fraction evolves across the Hertzsprung--Russell diagram. The observed incidence of unresolved companions is high for massive young stars and drops steadily with stellar mass, reaching its lowest levels for white dwarfs. We highlight the elevated binary fraction for the nearby Blue Stragglers and Blue Horizontal Branch stars. We also illustrate how unresolved hierarchical triples inflate the relative velocity signal in wide binaries. Finally, we point out a hint of evidence for the existence of additional companions to the hosts of extrasolar hot jupiters.

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