论文标题
现实世界机组人员配对优化:定制的遗传算法与列生成方法
Real-World Airline Crew Pairing Optimization: Customized Genetic Algorithm versus Column Generation Method
论文作者
论文摘要
航空公司乘员配对优化问题(CPOP)旨在找到一组飞行序列(机组人员配对),该飞行序列以最低成本覆盖航空公司高度限制的飞行时间表中的所有航班。由于机组人员成本仅次于燃料成本,因此CPOP解决方案对于航空公司至关重要。但是,CPOP是NP-HARD,并且解决它非常具有挑战性。文献表明,当CPOP的尺度和复杂性相当有限,并且可以对所有机组人员配对进行列举,则使用元启发式学,主要是遗传算法(GAS)。否则,还使用了基于列的混合整数编程技术。值得注意的是,根据文献,气体最多可以解决45,000个机组人员配对。在很大的出发点中,本文考虑了一家总部位于美国的大型航空公司的800多个航班(拥有超过33,000架航班的网络),并通过列举所有400,000多个船员配对(Apriori)来测试天然气的功效。对于它,本文提出了一个域知识驱动的定制GA。通过合适的实验突出显示了将域知识纳入GA操作,尤其是初始化和交叉的实用性。最后,将提议的GA的性能与基于CG的方法(作者内部开发)进行了比较。尽管发现后者在解决方案的成本质量和运行时间方面表现更好,但希望本文将有助于更好地理解气体中域知识驱动的定制的优势和局限性,以解决包括CPOPS在内的组合优化问题。
Airline crew pairing optimization problem (CPOP) aims to find a set of flight sequences (crew pairings) that cover all flights in an airline's highly constrained flight schedule at minimum cost. Since crew cost is second only to the fuel cost, CPOP solutioning is critically important for an airline. However, CPOP is NP-hard, and tackling it is quite challenging. The literature suggests, that when the CPOP's scale and complexity is reasonably limited, and an enumeration of all crew pairings is possible, then Metaheuristics are used, predominantly Genetic Algorithms (GAs). Else, Column Generation (CG) based Mixed Integer Programming techniques are used. Notably, as per the literature, a maximum of 45,000 crew pairings have been tackled by GAs. In a significant departure, this paper considers over 800 flights of a US-based large airline (with a monthly network of over 33,000 flights), and tests the efficacy of GAs by enumerating all 400,000+ crew pairings, apriori. Towards it, this paper proposes a domain-knowledge-driven customized-GA. The utility of incorporating domain-knowledge in GA operations, particularly initialization and crossover, is highlighted through suitable experiments. Finally, the proposed GA's performance is compared with a CG-based approach (developed in-house by the authors). Though the latter is found to perform better in terms of solution's cost-quality and run time, it is hoped that this paper will help in better understanding the strengths and limitations of domain-knowledge-driven customizations in GAs, for solving combinatorial optimization problems, including CPOPs.