论文标题
定期驱动的耗散量子系统中非平衡稳态的一般描述
General description for nonequilibrium steady states in periodically driven dissipative quantum systems
论文作者
论文摘要
激光技术已经从科学和工程学的角度开发并加速了光诱导的非平衡物理。 Floquet工程（即按时间周期性驱动器控制材料的特性和功能，是光 - 物质相互作用的量子物理学的最前沿，但仅限于理想的无耗散系统。对于扩展到各种材料的Floquet工程，至关重要的是要了解在周期性驱动和耗能平衡中出现的量子状态。在这里，我们通过关注高频驱动器和与时间无关的Lindblad-type耗散的系统，以详细的平衡条件来得出定期驱动的耗散系统中非平衡稳态（NESS）的一般描述。我们的公式正确描述了NESS的时间平均，波动和对称性，并且可以通过数值计算有效地计算。我们的方法将在一系列耗散量子系统（例如原子和分子，介观系统和凝结物质）中扮演浮雕工程中的基本角色。
Laser technology has developed and accelerated photo-induced nonequilibrium physics from both scientific and engineering viewpoints. The Floquet engineering, i.e., controlling material properties and functionalities by time-periodic drives, is a forefront of quantum physics of light-matter interaction, but limited to ideal dissipationless systems. For the Floquet engineering extended to a variety of materials, it is vital to understand the quantum states emerging in a balance of the periodic drive and energy dissipation. Here we derive the general description for nonequilibrium steady states (NESS) in periodically driven dissipative systems by focusing on the systems under high-frequency drive and time-independent Lindblad-type dissipation with the detailed balance condition. Our formula correctly describes the time-average, fluctuation, and symmetry property of the NESS, and can be computed efficiently in numerical calculations. Our approach will play fundamental roles in Floquet engineering in a broad class of dissipative quantum systems such as atoms and molecules, mesoscopic systems, and condensed matter.
