论文标题
开放量子系统中PT对称破裂的出现
Emergence of PT-symmetry breaking in open quantum systems
论文作者
论文摘要
PT对称性破坏在具有平衡增益和损失的耦合系统中的影响最近引起了人们的关注，并且已在经典制度的各种光子，电气和机械系统中得到了证明。在这里，我们将PT对称性的定义推广到有限维开放量子系统，该系统由Markovian Master方程描述。具体而言，我们表明该主方程在某些对称性转换下的不变性意味着存在具有保存和破碎的平价对称性的固定状态。随着希尔伯特空间的尺寸的增长，这两个限制阶段之间的跃迁变得越来越清晰，经典预期的PT对称性断裂过渡也被恢复。这种量子到古典的对应关系使我们能够建立一个常见的理论框架，以识别和准确描述各种物理系统中的PT对称性破坏效应，在经典和量子状态下运行。
The effect of PT-symmetry breaking in coupled systems with balanced gain and loss has recently attracted considerable attention and has been demonstrated in various photonic, electrical and mechanical systems in the classical regime. Here we generalize the definition of PT symmetry to finite-dimensional open quantum systems, which are described by a Markovian master equation. Specifically, we show that the invariance of this master equation under a certain symmetry transformation implies the existence of stationary states with preserved and broken parity symmetry. As the dimension of the Hilbert space grows, the transition between these two limiting phases becomes increasingly sharp and the classically expected PT-symmetry breaking transition is recovered. This quantum-to-classical correspondence allows us to establish a common theoretical framework to identify and accurately describe PT-symmetry breaking effects in a large variety of physical systems, operated both in the classical and quantum regimes.
