论文标题
由于零温度限制的束缚，基本耗散
Fundamental dissipation due to bound fermions in the zero-temperature limit
论文作者
论文摘要
在存在各向同性间隙的情况下，芬利冷凝物的基态得到了很好的保护。抑制缝隙，表面和涡流核心的区域，这些区域托管了安德里夫（Andreev）结合的状态，看似严格保护。在这里，我们表明，边界状态的作用更加微妙：当宏观物体以超过降速的超氟$^3 $移动时，超过了Landau的临界速度时，几乎没有发生散装对的临界速度，而观察到的damping则来自覆盖移动对象的界面。我们确定了两个独立的时间尺度，这些时间尺度控制着边界状态动力学，其中一个比理论上预期的要长得多，并表明边界状态不与散装激发相互作用。
The ground state of a fermionic condensate is well protected against perturbations in the presence of an isotropic gap. Regions of gap suppression, surfaces and vortex cores which host Andreev-bound states, seemingly lift that strict protection. Here we show that the role of bound states is more subtle: when a macroscopic object moves in superfluid $^3$He at velocities exceeding the Landau critical velocity, little to no bulk pair breaking takes place, while the damping observed originates from the bound states covering the moving object. We identify two separate timescales that govern the bound state dynamics, one of them much longer than theoretically anticipated, and show that the bound states do not interact with bulk excitations.
