学术文献库

After freezing the first phase of the fifth generation of wireless networks (5G) standardization, it finally goes live now and the rollout of the commercial launch (most in fixed 5G broadband services) and migration has been started. However, some challenges are arising in the deployment, integration of each technology, and the interoperability in the network of the communication service providers (CSPs). At the same time, the evolution of 5G is not clear and many questions arise such as whether 5G has long-term evolution or when 5G will change to a next-generation one. This paper provides long-term migration options and paths towards 5G considering many key factors such as the cost, local/national data traffic, marketing, and the standardization trends in the radio access network (RAN), the transport network (TN), the core network (CN), and E2E network. Moreover, we outline some 5G evolution road maps emphasizing on the technologies, standards, and service time lines. The proposed migration paths can be the answer to some CSPs concerns about how to do long-term migration to 5G and beyond.