论文标题
超越合奏：婴儿宇宙，时空虫洞以及黑洞信息的顺序和混乱
Transcending the ensemble: baby universes, spacetime wormholes, and the order and disorder of black hole information
论文作者
论文摘要
在1980年代，科尔曼（Coleman）的作品以及吉丁斯（Giddings）和斯特罗辛格（Strominger）的作品将时空虫洞的物理学与“婴儿宇宙”联系起来，以及理论的合奏。我们使用与负面宇宙常数和渐近广告边界相关的特征来重新审视此类想法，以增强结果，引入视角变化，并与最近对页面曲线的复制蠕虫孔讨论相关联。一个关键的新功能是强调无效国家的作用。我们在整体的简单拓扑模型中详细探讨了这种结构，使我们能够计算相关边界理论的完整范围。渐近广告希尔伯特（Hilbert）空间的尺寸变成了随机变量$ z $，其价值可以小于该理论中独立国家的幼稚数字$ k $。对于$ k> z $，一致性源于重力路径积分定义的内部产品中的确切变性，因此许多先验独立状态仅与无效状态不同。我们认为，类似的特性必须在任何一致的重力路径积分中保持。我们还对推断到更复杂的模型的其他方面以及对上述整体各个成员的黑洞信息问题的可能影响进行评论。
In the 1980's, work by Coleman and by Giddings and Strominger linked the physics of spacetime wormholes to `baby universes' and an ensemble of theories. We revisit such ideas, using features associated with a negative cosmological constant and asymptotically AdS boundaries to strengthen the results, introduce a change in perspective, and connect with recent replica wormhole discussions of the Page curve. A key new feature is an emphasis on the role of null states. We explore this structure in detail in simple topological models of the bulk that allow us to compute the full spectrum of associated boundary theories. The dimension of the asymptotically AdS Hilbert space turns out to become a random variable $Z$, whose value can be less than the naive number $k$ of independent states in the theory. For $k>Z$, consistency arises from an exact degeneracy in the inner product defined by the gravitational path integral, so that many a priori independent states differ only by a null state. We argue that a similar property must hold in any consistent gravitational path integral. We also comment on other aspects of extrapolations to more complicated models, and on possible implications for the black hole information problem in the individual members of the above ensemble.
