论文标题
在线劳动力市场招聘和外包算法
Algorithms for Hiring and Outsourcing in the Online Labor Market
论文作者
论文摘要
尽管近年来自由职业工作已经大大发展,但部分促进了许多在线劳动力市场(例如,古鲁,自由职业者,亚马逊机械土耳其人),但传统形式的“供水”工作仍然是主要就业形式。这意味着,至少暂时,自由职业和受薪就业将继续共存。在本文中,我们为在一般环境中为外包和招聘工人提供算法,在那里工人组成团队并贡献了不同的技能来执行任务。我们称这个模型团队由外包组成。在我们的模型中,任务以在线方式到达:任务的数字和组成既不是众所周知的。在任何时间点,都有一支由雇用工人组成的团队,他们独立于执行工作的固定工资。该团队是充满活力的:可以雇用新成员,并以某种代价解雇现有成员。此外,可以将到达任务的某些部分外包,从而由非团队成员以溢价完成。我们的贡献是用于招聘和解雇团队成员以及外包任务的有效在线成本最小化算法。我们介绍了使用原始双重方案获得的理论界限,证明我们的算法具有对数竞争近似比。我们根据来自三个大型在线劳动力市场的实际任务要求和工人技能,使用半合成数据集对实验进行补充。
Although freelancing work has grown substantially in recent years, in part facilitated by a number of online labor marketplaces, (e.g., Guru, Freelancer, Amazon Mechanical Turk), traditional forms of "in-sourcing" work continue being the dominant form of employment. This means that, at least for the time being, freelancing and salaried employment will continue to co-exist. In this paper, we provide algorithms for outsourcing and hiring workers in a general setting, where workers form a team and contribute different skills to perform a task. We call this model team formation with outsourcing. In our model, tasks arrive in an online fashion: neither the number nor the composition of the tasks is known a-priori. At any point in time, there is a team of hired workers who receive a fixed salary independently of the work they perform. This team is dynamic: new members can be hired and existing members can be fired, at some cost. Additionally, some parts of the arriving tasks can be outsourced and thus completed by non-team members, at a premium. Our contribution is an efficient online cost-minimizing algorithm for hiring and firing team members and outsourcing tasks. We present theoretical bounds obtained using a primal-dual scheme proving that our algorithms have a logarithmic competitive approximation ratio. We complement these results with experiments using semi-synthetic datasets based on actual task requirements and worker skills from three large online labor marketplaces.