论文标题

作用在玻色污水中杂质的力的经典类比

Classical analogies for the force acting on an impurity in a Bose-Einstein condensate

论文作者

Rønning, Jonas, Skaugen, Audun, Hernández-García, Emilio, López, Cristóbal, Angheluta, Luiza

论文摘要

我们研究作用于在非零温度下在二维Bose-Einstein冷凝物中移动的小杂质的流体动力。冷凝物是由阻尼粒度的Pitaevskii(DGPE)方程以及由与冷凝物耦合的高斯排斥电位的杂质建模的。对于弱耦合,我们获得了作用于杂质的力的分析表达式,并将它们与通过DGPE的直接数值模拟计算的力以及与经典力的相应表达式进行了比较。对于非态流,存在一种以惯性效应为主的时间依赖性力,并且在Maxey-Riley理论中对经典流体中的颗粒具有对应关系。在稳态状态下,力是由自我诱导的阻力主导的。与零温度下,在低温下,在较低的速度下,阻力消失了,即使在小速度下,杂质也会出现净阻力,这是由于能量消散通过冷凝物与热云的相互作用而导致的。由于热阻力引起的这种耗散力与经典的stokes拖动相似。仍然存在一个临界速度,高于稳态阻力由声学激发主导,并以杂质的速度进行非单调性。

We study the hydrodynamic forces acting on a small impurity moving in a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate at non-zero temperature. The condensate is modelled by the damped-Gross Pitaevskii (dGPE) equation and the impurity by a Gaussian repulsive potential coupled to the condensate. For weak coupling, we obtain analytical expressions for the forces acting on the impurity, and compare them with those computed through direct numerical simulations of the dGPE and with the corresponding expressions for classical forces. For non-steady flows, there is a time-dependent force dominated by inertial effects and which has a correspondence in the Maxey-Riley theory for particles in classical fluids. In the steady-state regime, the force is dominated by a self-induced drag. Unlike at zero temperature, where the drag force vanishes below a critical velocity, at low temperatures the impurity experiences a net drag even at small velocities, as a consequence of the energy dissipation through interactions of the condensate with the thermal cloud. This dissipative force due to thermal drag is similar to the classical Stokes' drag. There is still a critical velocity above which steady-state drag is dominated by acoustic excitations and behaves non-monotonically with impurity's speed.

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