论文标题

重力镜头中中微子质量层次结构的签名

Signature of neutrino mass hierarchy in gravitational lensing

论文作者

Swami, Himanshu, Lochan, Kinjalk, Patel, Ketan M.

论文摘要

在平坦的时空中,已知真空中微子的风味振荡仅对中微子的平方质量(而不是单个质量)之间的差异敏感。在这项工作中,我们表明,由重力来源诱导的中微子的镜头实质上改变了这一标准图片,并引起了新的贡献,振荡概率也取决于单个中微子质量。位于源和检测器之间的引力质量会使中微子在旅途中偏转,在检测点,中微子通过不同的路径到达可能导致干扰现象。在这种干扰存在下计算的风味转变概率取决于中微子的单个质量,每当干涉中微子之间存在非零路径差。我们通过考虑由Schwarzschild质量引起的弱透镜的例子来明确证明这一点。通过最简单的两种风味案例,我们表明,在镜头存在下的振荡概率对$Δm^2 = m_2^2 -m_1^2 $的符号敏感,对于两个中微子之间的非麦克斯混合,与标准真空振荡在平面空间中不同。此外,概率本身相对于路径差和此类振荡的频率振荡取决于绝对质量尺度$ m_1 $或$ m_2 $。我们还为现实的三种风味案例提供了结果,并讨论了重力修饰的中微子振荡的各种含义和观察它们的手段。

In flat spacetime, the vacuum neutrino flavour oscillations are known to be sensitive only to the difference between the squared masses, and not to the individual masses, of neutrinos. In this work, we show that the lensing of neutrinos induced by a gravitational source substantially modifies this standard picture and it gives rise to a novel contribution through which the oscillation probabilities also depend on the individual neutrino masses. A gravitating mass located between a source and a detector deflects the neutrinos in their journey, and at a detection point, neutrinos arriving through different paths can lead to the phenomenon of interference. The flavour transition probabilities computed in the presence of such interference depend on the individual masses of neutrinos whenever there is a non-zero path difference between the interfering neutrinos. We demonstrate this explicitly by considering an example of weak lensing induced by a Schwarzschild mass. Through the simplest two flavour case, we show that the oscillation probability in the presence of lensing is sensitive to the sign of $Δm^2 = m_2^2 -m_1^2$, for non-maximal mixing between two neutrinos, unlike in the case of standard vacuum oscillation in flat spacetime. Further, the probability itself oscillates with respect to the path difference and the frequency of such oscillations depends on the absolute mass scale $m_1$ or $m_2$. We also give results for realistic three flavour case and discuss various implications of gravitationally modified neutrino oscillations and means of observing them.

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