论文标题

最低的低点:SN 2019GSC的发现和微弱的iax超新星的性质

The lowest of the low: discovery of SN 2019gsc and the nature of faint Iax supernovae

论文作者

Srivastav, Shubham, Smartt, Stephen J., Leloudas, Giorgos, Huber, Mark E., Chambers, Ken, Malesani, Daniele B., Hjorth, Jens, Gillanders, James H., Schultz, A., Sim, Stuart A., Auchettl, Katie, Fynbo, Johan P. U., Gall, Christa, McBrien, Owen R., Rest, Armin, Smith, Ken W., Wojtak, Radoslaw, Young, David R.

论文摘要

我们介绍了最微弱的超新星样瞬态的发现和光学随访。该活动(SN 2019GSC)是在Atlas的53 \ MPC的星形主持人中发现的。用Pan-Starrs1收集了详细的多色光曲线,并使用NOT和Gemini-North获得了随访光谱。近最大光的光谱显示在3000至4000 km s $^{ - 1} $的低速下狭窄特征,类似于极低的Luminosity Sne sne 2010ae和2008ha,而光曲线显示出类似的快速下降(\ dmr $ 0.91 \ 0.91 \ pm 0.10 $ mag)。 SNE 2010AE和2008HA已被归类为IAX型超新星,这三个共同构成了自己的物理类别,或者处于这种多样的超新星种群的极端低光度端。降压光曲线与爆炸的动能($ e _ {\ rm k} \ sim 10^{49} $ erg s $^{ - 1} $)是一致的($ m _ {\ rm ni} \ sim 2 \ times 10^{ - 3} $ \ msol)。光谱通过辐射转移模型(TARDIS)很好地复制,并且由碳,氧气,镁,硅和硫磺主导。值得注意的是,所有这三个极端的IAX事件都处于相似的低金属性恒星形成环境中。所有这三个观察性约束的组合可以通过接近$ m _ {\ rm ch} $混合碳氧气氧气蛋白白色矮人的范围来最好地解释,这些白色矮人的形成途径很短。

We present the discovery and optical follow-up of the faintest supernova-like transient known. The event (SN 2019gsc) was discovered in a star-forming host at 53\,Mpc by ATLAS. A detailed multi-colour light curve was gathered with Pan-STARRS1 and follow-up spectroscopy was obtained with the NOT and Gemini-North. The spectra near maximum light show narrow features at low velocities of 3000 to 4000 km s$^{-1}$, similar to the extremely low luminosity SNe 2010ae and 2008ha, and the light curve displays a similar fast decline (\dmr $0.91 \pm 0.10$ mag). SNe 2010ae and 2008ha have been classified as type Iax supernovae, and together the three either make up a distinct physical class of their own or are at the extreme low luminosity end of this diverse supernova population. The bolometric light curve is consistent with a low kinetic energy of explosion ($E_{\rm k} \sim 10^{49}$ erg s$^{-1}$), a modest ejected mass ($M_{\rm ej} \sim 0.2$ \msol) and radioactive powering by $^{56}$Ni ($M_{\rm Ni} \sim 2 \times 10^{-3}$ \msol). The spectra are quite well reproduced with radiative transfer models (TARDIS) and a composition dominated by carbon, oxygen, magnesium, silicon and sulphur. Remarkably, all three of these extreme Iax events are in similar low-metallicity star-forming environments. The combination of the observational constraints for all three may be best explained by deflagrations of near $M_{\rm Ch}$ hybrid carbon-oxygen-neon white dwarfs which have short evolutionary pathways to formation.

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