论文标题
最低的低点:SN 2019GSC的发现和微弱的iax超新星的性质
The lowest of the low: discovery of SN 2019gsc and the nature of faint Iax supernovae
论文作者
论文摘要
我们介绍了最微弱的超新星样瞬态的发现和光学随访。该活动(SN 2019GSC)是在Atlas的53 \ MPC的星形主持人中发现的。用Pan-Starrs1收集了详细的多色光曲线,并使用NOT和Gemini-North获得了随访光谱。近最大光的光谱显示在3000至4000 km s $^{ - 1} $的低速下狭窄特征,类似于极低的Luminosity Sne sne 2010ae和2008ha,而光曲线显示出类似的快速下降(\ dmr $ 0.91 \ 0.91 \ pm 0.10 $ mag)。 SNE 2010AE和2008HA已被归类为IAX型超新星,这三个共同构成了自己的物理类别,或者处于这种多样的超新星种群的极端低光度端。降压光曲线与爆炸的动能($ e _ {\ rm k} \ sim 10^{49} $ erg s $^{ - 1} $)是一致的($ m _ {\ rm ni} \ sim 2 \ times 10^{ - 3} $ \ msol)。光谱通过辐射转移模型(TARDIS)很好地复制,并且由碳,氧气,镁,硅和硫磺主导。值得注意的是,所有这三个极端的IAX事件都处于相似的低金属性恒星形成环境中。所有这三个观察性约束的组合可以通过接近$ m _ {\ rm ch} $混合碳氧气氧气蛋白白色矮人的范围来最好地解释,这些白色矮人的形成途径很短。
We present the discovery and optical follow-up of the faintest supernova-like transient known. The event (SN 2019gsc) was discovered in a star-forming host at 53\,Mpc by ATLAS. A detailed multi-colour light curve was gathered with Pan-STARRS1 and follow-up spectroscopy was obtained with the NOT and Gemini-North. The spectra near maximum light show narrow features at low velocities of 3000 to 4000 km s$^{-1}$, similar to the extremely low luminosity SNe 2010ae and 2008ha, and the light curve displays a similar fast decline (\dmr $0.91 \pm 0.10$ mag). SNe 2010ae and 2008ha have been classified as type Iax supernovae, and together the three either make up a distinct physical class of their own or are at the extreme low luminosity end of this diverse supernova population. The bolometric light curve is consistent with a low kinetic energy of explosion ($E_{\rm k} \sim 10^{49}$ erg s$^{-1}$), a modest ejected mass ($M_{\rm ej} \sim 0.2$ \msol) and radioactive powering by $^{56}$Ni ($M_{\rm Ni} \sim 2 \times 10^{-3}$ \msol). The spectra are quite well reproduced with radiative transfer models (TARDIS) and a composition dominated by carbon, oxygen, magnesium, silicon and sulphur. Remarkably, all three of these extreme Iax events are in similar low-metallicity star-forming environments. The combination of the observational constraints for all three may be best explained by deflagrations of near $M_{\rm Ch}$ hybrid carbon-oxygen-neon white dwarfs which have short evolutionary pathways to formation.