论文标题
澳大利亚原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民传统的冬至和太阳位置观测
Solstice and Solar Position observations in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander traditions
论文作者
论文摘要
在世界各地进行的考古学研究的主要重点是了解古老的文化如何观察地平线的日出和日落点，尤其是在溶解和春分。学者认为，对这些太阳点的观察对于制定日历，告知仪式/礼仪实践并预测季节性变化很有用。这是以欧洲为中心的四季朱利安（和后来的格里高利）日历的基础。著名的例子包括巨石阵，Newgrange，Chichen Itza和Chankillo。这些地点和其他地点的研究倾向于通过石材布置和古迹的方向来关注太阳点观测。尽管正在进行对澳大利亚土著知识的研究，但揭示了有关原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民观察以及对太阳能，月球以及恒星财产和动作的解释的大量信息，但关于太阳点观察的重要性和使用很少。作者通过四个案例研究，基于人种志，民族历史，考古学和统计的四个案例研究。我们的发现表明，原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民人民在地平线上观察到溶解和其他重要的日出/日落点，以进行计时并指示季节性的变化 - 但与西欧开发的四季模式有很大不同。
A major focus of the archaeoastronomical research conducted around the world focuses on understanding how ancient cultures observed sunrise and sunset points along the horizon, particularly at the solstices and equinoxes. Scholars argue that observations of these solar points are useful for developing calendars, informing ritual/ceremonial practices, and predicting seasonal change. This is the foundation of the Eurocentric four-season Julian (and later Gregorian) calendar. Famous examples include Stonehenge, Newgrange, Chichen Itza, and Chankillo. Studies at these and other sites tend to focus on solar point observations through alignments in stone arrangements, and the orientations of monuments. Despite the ongoing study of Indigenous Knowledge in Australia revealing a wealth of information about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander observations and interpretations of solar, lunar, and stellar properties and motions, very little has been published about the importance and use of solar point observations. The authors examine this topic through four case studies, based on methodological frameworks and approaches in ethnography, ethnohistory, archaeology, and statistics. Our findings show that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people observe the solstices and other significant sunrise/sunset points along the horizon for timekeeping and indicating seasonal change - but in ways that are rather different to the four-season model developed in Western Europe.
