论文标题

鬼影:针对基于摄像机的图像分类系统的远程感知攻击

GhostImage: Remote Perception Attacks against Camera-based Image Classification Systems

论文作者

Man, Yanmao, Li, Ming, Gerdes, Ryan

论文摘要

在基于视觉的对象分类系统中,成像传感器会感知环境和机器学习来检测和对对象进行决策目的进行分类;例如,要操纵障碍物周围的自动车辆或提出警报以指示在监视环境中存在入侵者。在这项工作中,我们演示了如何远程且不显着利用感知域,以使攻击者能够创建虚假对象或更改现有对象。由于攻击者引起的误解,依赖于我们攻击的检测/分类框架的自动化系统可以采取灾难性结果。 我们专注于基于摄像机的系统,并表明可以通过在光学成像系统中利用两个常见效果,即,镜头耀斑/幽灵效果和自动暴露控制,可以远程项目对抗模式。为了提高攻击对通道效应的鲁棒性,我们通过将对抗机器学习技术与训练有素的端到端通道模型集成来生成最佳模式。我们在实验中使用低成本投影仪,在三个不同的图像数据集,室内和室外环境以及三个不同的摄像机上展示了我们的攻击。实验结果表明,根据投影仪摄像机的距离,攻击成功率可以达到100%,并且在目标条件下。

In vision-based object classification systems imaging sensors perceive the environment and machine learning is then used to detect and classify objects for decision-making purposes; e.g., to maneuver an automated vehicle around an obstacle or to raise an alarm to indicate the presence of an intruder in surveillance settings. In this work we demonstrate how the perception domain can be remotely and unobtrusively exploited to enable an attacker to create spurious objects or alter an existing object. An automated system relying on a detection/classification framework subject to our attack could be made to undertake actions with catastrophic results due to attacker-induced misperception. We focus on camera-based systems and show that it is possible to remotely project adversarial patterns into camera systems by exploiting two common effects in optical imaging systems, viz., lens flare/ghost effects and auto-exposure control. To improve the robustness of the attack to channel effects, we generate optimal patterns by integrating adversarial machine learning techniques with a trained end-to-end channel model. We experimentally demonstrate our attacks using a low-cost projector, on three different image datasets, in indoor and outdoor environments, and with three different cameras. Experimental results show that, depending on the projector-camera distance, attack success rates can reach as high as 100% and under targeted conditions.

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