论文标题
通过被动声明监测跟踪欧洲蝙蝠物种
Tracking European bat species with passive acoustic directional monitoring
论文作者
论文摘要
我们已经开发了一种动物定位方法，该方法检测到从传感器朝动物呼叫方向的角度。该方法与部署常规的静态录音机一样易于使用，但提供跟踪信息和声音录音。操作的主体是检测麦克风紧密放在一起的麦克风之间的相差。通过将信号转换为希尔伯特变换，将信号转换为其分析形式来检测到该阶段。然后根据相位差，频率和麦克风分离来计算角度。角度测量可提供传感器上方的飞行路径，并可以提供单个通道静态录音机无法实现的活动和行为的详细信息。我们在一个晚上在丹麦的一个夜晚（Pipistrellus nathusii，pipistrellus pygmaeus，eptesicus serotinus，myotis daubentonii和nyctalus noctula）记录了5个蝙蝠物种的飞行路径。该物种的角度测量中的中值误差为3至7度。与在视野中心记录的呼叫相比，与正常相对应的高角度的呼叫与较差的信噪比相对应。可以通过结合两个或多个传感器的角度测量值来估计空间中的位置。
We have developed a method of animal localisation that detects the angle from a sensor towards the direction of an animal call. The method is as simple to use as deploying a conventional static sound recorder, but provides tracking information as well as sound recordings. The principal of operation is to detect the phase difference between microphones positioned closely together. The phase is detected by converting the signals to their analytic form with a Hilbert transform. The angle is then calculated from the phase difference, frequency and microphone separation. Angular measurements provide flight paths above the sensor, and can give details of activity and behaviour that are not possible with a single channel static recorder. We recorded flight paths for 5 bat species on a single night at a site in Denmark (Pipistrellus nathusii, Pipistrellus pygmaeus, Eptesicus serotinus, Myotis daubentonii and Nyctalus noctula). The median error in angular measurement for the species was between 3 and 7 degrees. Calls at high angles from normal, corresponding with a poor signal-to-noise ratio, had larger errors compared to calls recorded in the centre of the field of view. Locations in space could be estimated by combining angular measurements from two or more sensors.
