论文标题

优化对保护医疗保健用户的网络卫生的投资

Optimizing Investments in Cyber Hygiene for Protecting Healthcare Users

论文作者

Panda, Sakshyam, Panaousis, Emmanouil, Loukas, George, Laoudias, Christos

论文摘要

通常建议采取网络卫生措施来加强组织的安全姿势,尤其是为了防止针对人类因素的社会工程攻击。但是,与不同的用户群体的性质和风险水平如何,所有组织及其员工的相关建议通常相同。本文以现有的网络安全投资模型为基础,为网络卫生保障措施提供了最佳选择的工具,我们将其称为最佳保障工具。该模型结合了游戏理论和组合优化,考虑到每个用户组受到攻击的概率,每个组可访问的资产价值以及每个控件对特定组的疗效。该模型将间接成本视为员工可能需要进行学习和培训的时间,以防止实施的控制。利用游戏理论框架来支持背包优化问题,使我们能够最佳选择保障措施的应用级别,以最大程度地减少安全投资预算内的总预期损失。我们在医疗保健领域用例中评估OST。关键的Internet安全控制组17用于针对属于ICT,临床和管理人员的员工实施安全意识和培训计划。我们将OST实施的策略与三种不同类型的攻击者的替代常识防御方法进行了比较:纳什,加权和机会主义。对于所有攻击者类型,纳什捍卫策略始终比竞争策略要好,而较小的例外情况下,纳什捍卫策略的表现至少与其他常识性方法一样好。

Cyber hygiene measures are often recommended for strengthening an organization's security posture, especially for protecting against social engineering attacks that target the human element. However, the related recommendations are typically the same for all organizations and their employees, regardless of the nature and the level of risk for different groups of users. Building upon an existing cybersecurity investment model, this paper presents a tool for optimal selection of cyber hygiene safeguards, which we refer as the Optimal Safeguards Tool. The model combines game theory and combinatorial optimization taking into account the probability of each user group to being attacked, the value of assets accessible by each group, and the efficacy of each control for a particular group. The model considers indirect cost as the time employees could require for learning and training against an implemented control. Utilizing a game-theoretic framework to support the Knapsack optimization problem permits us to optimally select safeguards' application levels minimizing the aggregated expected damage within a security investment budget. We evaluate OST in a healthcare domain use case. The Critical Internet Security Control group 17 for implementing security awareness and training programs for employees belonging to the ICT, clinical and administration personnel of a hospital. We compare the strategies implemented by OST against alternative common-sense defending approaches for three different types of attackers: Nash, Weighted and Opportunistic. Nash defending strategies are consistently better than the competing strategies for all attacker types with a minor exception where the Nash defending strategy performs at least as good as other common-sense approaches.

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