论文标题
物质阶段
Fracton Phases of Matter
论文作者
论文摘要
分形是一种新型的准粒子，它是孤立的，但通常可以通过形成结合的状态移动。在各种物理环境中发现了分形，例如自旋液体和弹性理论，并且表现出异常的现象学，例如引力物理学和定位。在过去的几年中，人们对这些异国情调的颗粒引起了人们的兴趣，这些颗粒已成为现代冷凝物质理论的最前沿。在这篇综述中，我们提供了对分形的广泛处理，从教学介绍材料到对该领域最新进展的讨论。首先，我们要证明由于较高的力矩保护定律，通常伴随着张量规定理论的出现，因此分子现象是如何自然出现的。然后，我们对旋转模型中的分布剂相进行了调查，以及用于表征它们的各种工具，例如叶面框架。我们详细讨论了弹性理论中分形式物理学的表现，以及分区与本地化和引力的联系。最后，我们概述了一些最近提出的针对分裂物理的平台，例如Majorana群岛和孔掺杂的抗fiferromagnets。我们以一些开放的问题和对领域的前景为首。
Fractons are a new type of quasiparticle which are immobile in isolation, but can often move by forming bound states. Fractons are found in a variety of physical settings, such as spin liquids and elasticity theory, and exhibit unusual phenomenology, such as gravitational physics and localization. The past several years have seen a surge of interest in these exotic particles, which have come to the forefront of modern condensed matter theory. In this review, we provide a broad treatment of fractons, ranging from pedagogical introductory material to discussions of recent advances in the field. We begin by demonstrating how the fracton phenomenon naturally arises as a consequence of higher moment conservation laws, often accompanied by the emergence of tensor gauge theories. We then provide a survey of fracton phases in spin models, along with the various tools used to characterize them, such as the foliation framework. We discuss in detail the manifestation of fracton physics in elasticity theory, as well as the connections of fractons with localization and gravitation. Finally, we provide an overview of some recently proposed platforms for fracton physics, such as Majorana islands and hole-doped antiferromagnets. We conclude with some open questions and an outlook on the field.
