ISO/TR TECHNICAL REPORT 27921 First edition 2020-05 Carbon dioxide capture, transportation, and geological storage Cross Cutting Issues s—CO2 stream composition Captage, transport et stockage geologique du dioxyde de carbone - Questions transversales- Composition du flux de CO2 Reference number ISO/TR 27921:2020(E) osi @ISO2020 IS0/TR 27921:2020(E) COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT @ ISO 2020 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either IsO at the address below or Iso's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office CP 401 : Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva Phone: +41 22 749 01 11 Fax: +41 22 749 09 47 Email: [email protected] Website: www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii @ IS0 2020 - All rights reserved IS0/TR 27921:2020(E) Contents Page Foreword ..V Introduction. ..vi 1 Scope. ..1 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ..2 5 Overview of chemical composition of cO2 streams .4 5.1 Overview .4 5.1.1 Types of impurities .4 5.1.2 Measurements and estimates. .4 .5 5.1.3 Data sources 5.2 Ranges of impurity concentrations for coal fired power plants .5 5.2.1 Gaseouscomponents 5 5.2.2 Trace elements. .8 5.2.3 Particulate matter 9 5.3 Ranges of impurity concentrations from industrial emitters .10 5.3.1 Cement industry ..10 5.3.2 Iron and Steel industry. .11 5.3.3 H2 production. .11 5.4 Discussion and interpretation .11 5.4.1 Variability among processes and industries 11 5.4.2 Compositional stability and potential chemical reactions within CO2 streams...12 6 Impacts of impurities .12 6.1 Physical impacts ..13 6.1.1 Overview ..13 6.1.2 Effect on transportation (pipeline and ship transportation) .13 6.1.3 Effect on geological storage. ..15 6.2 Chemical impacts.. .18 6.2.1 Corrosion of metallic materials. .18 6.2.2 Impacts on geological storage system. 20 6.3 Impacts on microbial communities in the storage complex .23 6.4 Toxic and ecotoxic effects of impurities in case of leakage. 24 6.4.1 General statement. 24 6.4.2 Acute toxic effects. 24 6.4.3 Chronic effects. 25 7 Parameters to monitor and measurement methods. .26 7.1 Monitoring and thresholds 26 7.2 Relevant parameters to monitor and measurement methods 26 7.2.1 SamplingoftheCOstream 27 7.2.2 Determining the physical properties and phase 27 7.2.3 Flow measurement. .27 7.2.4 Impurity concentration measurements. .28 8 Relationship of cOz stream emissions and quantification ..28 9 Integration issues. .29 9.1 Constraints on CO stream composition .29 9.2 Optimisation of cOz stream composition based on techno- ..30 9.3 Mixing CO2 streams before injection: Challenges in larger CCS infrastructures ..30 10 Conclusions ..31 Annex A (informative) Dense phase CO2 corrosion. ..33 @ IS0 2020 - All rights reserved ii IS0/TR 27921:2020(E) Annex B (informative) Composition of cO2 streams (Source IS0 27913:2016) .36 Bibliography .39 iv @ IS0 2020 - All rights reserved IS0/TR27921:2020(E) Foreword Iso (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IsO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out throughIsotechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with Iso, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Dire