ISO/TR TECHNICAL REPORT 22411 Second edition 2021-01 Ergonomics data for use in the application of IS0/IEC Guide 71:2014 Données ergonomiques destinées a étre utilisées dans le cadre de I'application du Guide IS0/IEC 71:2014 Reference number IS0/TR22411:2021(E) OSI @ISO 2021 IS0/TR 22411:2021(E) COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT IS02021 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either IsO at the address below or ISo's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office CP 401 · Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva Phone: +41 22 749 01 11 Email: [email protected] Website: www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii @ IS0 2021 - All rights reserved IS0/TR 22411:2021(E) Contents Page Foreword V Introduction. vi 1 Scope. 1 2 Normative references. .1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Supporting ISO/IEC Guide 71 with human data .2 5 Data selection and format. .3 5.1 Data selection 3 5.2 Data format of this document .4 5.3 How to use the data. .5 6 Sensory characteristics and capabilities. .5 6.1 Overview of sensory characteristics and capabilities 5 6.2 Vision. 6 6.2.1 Visual sensitivity to colour (spectral sensitivity of the eye: ageing effect) ..6 6.2.2 Colour category (spans of fundamental colour, young people, older people, and people with low vision) .9 6.2.3 Colour category (international comparison) 22 6.2.4 Contrast sensitivity (young people, older people and people with low vision)..25 6.2.5 Contrast for legibility (ageing effect) .28 6.2.6 Visual acuity (effects of age, viewing distance and luminance) .32 6.2.7 Minimum font size for legibility (effects of age, viewing distance and luminance) .35 6.2.8 Minimum font size for legibility (international comparison) .37 6.2.9 Minimum font size for legibility (low vision). .41 6.2.10 Disability glare (ageing effect) .44 6.2.11 Useful field of view (ageing effect) 47 6.2.12 Lighting level and visual performance (ageing effect) .52 6.2.13 Visibility of an indicator lamp: Context and task specific data (effects of ageing and low vision). .55 6.3 Hearing .58 6.3.1 Hearing-sensitivity decrease as a function of age .58 6.3.2 Tone perception in quiet conditions (ageing effect) .60 6.3.3 Sensitivity to low-frequency tones (ageing effect) .62 6.3.4 Equal-loudness-level contours (ageing effect) .64 6.3.5 Tone perception in noisy conditions (ageing effect) 67 6.3.6 Sound pressure level of spoken announcements in public space (ageing effect).70 6.3.7 Audible conditions for speech communication in a noisy environment (ageing effect). .72 6.4 Touch .75 6.4.1 Tactile pressure sense and spatial resolution (ageing effect) .75 6.4.2 Tactile spatial resolution (people with visual disabilities) .77 6.4.3 Tactile spatial resolution (body location and ageing effect) .78 6.4.4 Tactile temporal resolution (sensitivity to vibration, ageing effect) .81 6.4.5 Legibility of tactile symbols and characters (effects of ageing and experience in the use of tactile symbols and characters for people with visual disabilities) 83 6.4.6 Legibility of tactile symbols and characters (international comparison) .85 6.5 Thermal sense. .88 6.5.1 Surface temperature (ageing effect) 88 6.5.2 Air temperature (ageing effect) 89 6.5.3 Thermal comfort (physical disabilities) .92 7 Physical characteristics and capabilities .99 @ IS0 2021 - All rights reserved ii IS0/TR 22411:2021(E) 7.1 Overview of physical characteristics and capabilities .99 7.2 Physical characteristics related to body size 101 7.2.1 Basic body size (design range from small to large size) .101 7.2.2 Grip diameter (ageing effect). .104 7.3 Movement - fine hand use abilities. .106 7.3.1 Hand steadiness (ageing effect) .106 7.3.2 Eye-hand coordination