ISO/IEC TR TECHNICAL REPORT 24368 Firstedition 2022-08 Information technology Artificial intelligence Overview of ethical and societal concerns Reference number IS0/IEC TR 24368:2022(E) ISO @ IS0/IEC 2022 IS0/IEC TR 24368:2022(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT @IS0/IEC2022 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either Iso at the address below or Iso's memberbody inthe country of the requester. ISO copyright office CP 401 · Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva Phone: +41 22 749 0111 Email: [email protected] Website: www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii @ IS0/IEC 2022 - All rights reserved IS0/IECTR24368:2022(E) Contents Page Foreword ..V Introduction. vi 1 Scope. 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Overview .3 4.1 General .3 4.2 Fundamental sources 4 4.3 Ethical frameworks. 4.3.1 General 6 4.3.2 Virtue ethics 6 4.3.3 Utilitarianism. .6 4.3.4 Deontology. .6 5 Human rights practices .7 5.1 General. 7 6 Themes and principles .8 6.1 General .8 6.2 Description of key themes and associated principles .8 6.2.1 Accountability. 8 6.2.2 Fairness and non-discrimination .9 6.2.3 Transparency and explainability. .9 6.2.4 Professional responsibility. 10 6.2.5 Promotion of human values. 10 6.2.6 Privacy 11 6.2.7 Safety and security. 11 6.2.8 Human control of technology 12 6.2.9 Community involvement and development. 12 6.2.10 Human centred design. 13 6.2.11 Respect for the rule of law. 13 6.2.12 Respect for international norms of behaviour 13 6.2.13 Environmental sustainability 14 6.2.14 Labour practices. 14 7 Examples of practices for building and using ethical and socially acceptable AI .15 7.1 Aligning internal process to AI principles. .15 7.1.1 General 15 7.1.2 Defining ethical AI principles the organization can adopt 15 7.1.3 Defining applications the organization cannot pursue. 15 7.1.4 Review process for new projects 15 7.1.5 Training in AI ethics.. 16 7.2 Considerations for ethical review framework .16 7.2.1 Identify an ethical issue 16 7.2.2 Getthefacts 16 7.2.3 List and evaluate alternative actions 17 7.2.4 Make a decision and act on it. 17 7.2.5 Actandreflectontheoutcome. 17 8 Considerations for building and using ethical and socially acceptable Al 17 8.1 General 17 8.2 Non-exhaustive list of ethical and societal considerations 17 8.2.1 General 17 8.2.2 International human rights 18 8.2.3 Accountability. 18 @ IS0/IEC 2022 - All rights reserved ii IS0/IEC TR24368:2022(E) 8.2.4 Fairness and non-discrimination 18 8.2.5 Transparency and explainability. .18 8.2.6 Professional responsibility 19 8.2.7 Promotion of human values 20 8.2.8 Privacy. .20 8.2.9 Safety and security. .20 8.2.10 Human control of technology 21 8.2.11 Community involvement and development .21 8.2.12 Human centred design. 21 8.2.13 Respect for the rule of law 21 8.2.14 Respect for international norms of behaviour 22 8.2.15 Environmental sustainability .22 8.2.16 Labour practices .22 Annex A (informative) AI principles documents .23 Annex B (informative) Use case studies. ..33 Bibliography .42 iv @ IS0/IEC 2022 - All rights reserved IS0/IEC TR24368:2022(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are membersofIsoorIECparticipateinthedevelopmentofInternationalStandardsthroughtechnical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international work. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further mai