TECHNICAL ISO/IEC TR REPORT 14369 Second edition 2018-01 Information technology Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces Guidelines for the preparation of language-independent service specifications (LISS) Technologies de I'information - Langages de programmation, leurs environnements et interfaces du logiciel d'exploitation Lignes directrices pour I'élaboration de spécifications de service indépendantes du langage (LISS) Reference number IEC IS0/IEC TR14369:2018(E) is @ IS0/IEC 2018 out license from IHS IS0/IEC TR 14369:2018(E) COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT @ IS0/IEC 2018 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either IsO at the address below or Iso's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office CP 40i : Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 [email protected] www.iso.org Published in Switzerland @IS0/IEC 2018 - All rights reserved gical Univ/5926867100, User=JACKEY,MA No reproduction or networking permited without license from IHS IS0/IEC TR 14369:2018(E) Contents Page Foreword ..vi Introduction. ..viii 1 Scope. 2 Normative references. 3 Terms and definitions 4 Abbreviated terms ..4 5 Overview ..4 5.1 Services, interfaces, service providers and service users .4 5.2 Information technology services .4 5.3 Services and language independence ..5 5.4 Language-independentspecifications. ..6 5.5 Problems of language dependence and inbuilt assumptions .7 5.5.1 General 5.5.2 Representational assumptions. 7 5.5.3 Implementationassumptions.. .7 6 Guidelines on strategy ..8 6.1 General. ..8 6.2 General guidelines.. ..8 6.2.1 Guideline: Dependence of the interface on the service ..8 6.2.2 Guideline: What to do when there are interoperability, concurrency, or timeconstraintissues. .8 6.2.3 Guideline: Use of marshalling/unmarshalling. ..8 6.2.4 Guideline: Recruiting expertise from a variety of backgrounds .9 6.3 What to do if starting from scratch. 9 6.3.1 General. .9 6.3.2 Guideline: Avoidance of implementation assumptions 9 6.3.3 Specifyingtheserviceinlanguage-independentform ..9 6.3.4 Specifying the interface to the service in language-independent form ..10 6.4 What to do if starting from an existing language-dependent specification ..10 6.4.1 General ..10 6.4.2 General guidelines ..10 6.4.3 Converting an existing language-dependent specification of the service into language-independent form. ..12 6.4.4 Converting an existing implicit interface into an explicit language independent interface. .13 6.4.5 Specifying a language-independent interface to a service whose specification is language-dependent. ..14 7 Guidelines on document organization. ..15 7.1 General .15 7.2 Guideline: The general framework .15 7.2.1 General .. 15 7.2.2 Checklist of parts for inclusion ..15 7.3 Guideline: Production and publication. 16 7.4 Guideline: Document organization when starting from a language-specific specification 16 8 Guidelines on terminology .17 8.1 General. .17 8.2 Guideline: The need for rigour. 8.3 Guideline: The need for consistency ..17 8.4 Guideline:Useofundefinedterms. ..17 8.5 Guideline:UseofIS02382 .17 8.6 Guideline: Use of definition by reference. .18 pyintntematonaAll rights reerved ii CKEY, MA mited without license from IHS IS0/IEC TR 14369:2018(E) 8.7 Guideline: Terminology used in bindings 18 9 Guidelines on use of formal specification languages 18 9.1 Guideline: Use of a formal specification language. 18 9.2 Checklist of formal specification languages. 18 9.2.1 General. 18 9.2.2 Estelle 18 9.2.3 Lotos .19 9.2.4 VDM-SL 19 9.2.5 19 9.2.6 Extended BNF 20 9.3 Guideline: Using formal specifications from the outset 20