INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC STANDARD 9660 First edition 2023-01 Information processing - Volume and file structure of CD-ROM for information interchange Traitement de I'information Structure de volume et de fichier des disques optiques compacts a mémoire fixe (CD-ROM) destineés a I'échange d'information Reference number IEC ISO/IEC 9660:2023(E) OS1 @ IS0/IEC 2023 IS0/IEC 9660:2023(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT @IS0/IEC2023 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on or ISo's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office CP 401 · Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva Phone: +41 22 749 01 11 Email: [email protected] Website: www.iso.org Published in Switzerland i @ IS0/IEC 2023 - All rights reserved IS0/IEC 9660:2023(E) Contents Page Foreword .vii Introduction. .X 1 Scope. ..1 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions. ..1 4 Notation ..3 4.1 Decimal and hexadecimal notations .3 4.2 Other notations .3 5 Conformance .3 5.1 Conformance of a CD-ROM .3 5.2 Conformance of an information processing system .3 6 Requirements for a medium. ..4 7 Volume structure .4: 7.1 Arrangement of data on a CD-ROM 7.1.1 Physical addresses. ..4. 7.1.2 Logical sector 4 7.1.3 Volume space ..4: 7.2 Arrangement of the volume space 4 7.2.1 Systemareaanddataarea .4 7.2.2 Logical block. 5 7.3 Arrangement of the data area. .5 7.4 Arrangement of an extent. .5 7.4.1 Extent. 5 7.4.2 Mode of recording a file section. .5 7.4.3 Interleaved mode .6 7.4.4 Non-interleaved mode 7.4.5 Data length of a file section .8 7.4.6 Relation of extended attribute record to file section .8 7.4.7 Recording of a volume partition .8 7.5 File structure ..8 7.5.1 Relation to file sections ..8 7.5.2 Numbering of bytes in a file .8 7.5.3 Contents of a file .9 7.5.4 Associated file. 9 7.6 Volume set. .9 7.7 Volume descriptors. .9 7.7.1 General ..9 7.7.2 Volume descriptor set. 9 7.8 Directory structure. 10 7.8.1 Directory .10 7.8.2 Directory hierarchy .11 7.8.3 Relation of directory hierarchies .12 7.9 Path table. 13 7.9.1 General .13 7.9.2 Order of path table records. .13 7.9.3 Path table group. ..13 7.9.4 Recorded occurrences of the path table. ..13 7.9.5 Consistency of path tables between volumes of a volume group .14 7.10 Record structure .14 7.10.1 General .. 14 7.10.2 Characteristics .. 14 7.10.3 Measured data units (MDU) .14 @IS0/IEC2023-Allrightsreserved iii ISO/IEC 9660:2023(E) 7.10.4 Fixed-length records 15 7.10.5 Variable-length records 15 8 Recording of descriptor fields 15 8.1 8-bit numerical values. 15 8.1.1 General 15 8.1.2 8-bit unsigned numerical values. 15 8.1.3 8-bit signed numerical values 15 8.2 16-bit numerical value. 16 8.2.1 General 16 8.2.2 Least significant byte first 16 8.2.3 Most significant byte first 16 8.2.4 Both-byte orders 16 8.3 32-bit numerical value. 16 8.3.1 General 16 8.3.2 Least significant byte first 16 8.3.3 Most significant byte first 16 8.3.4 Both-byte orders 17 8.4 Character sets and coding 17 8.4.1 d-charactersanda-characters 17 8.4.2 c-characters 17 8.4.3 Separators and filler 18 8.4.4 Use of characters in descriptor fields 18 8.4.5 Justificationofcharacters 19 8.5 File identifier.. 19 8.5.1 File identifier format 19 8.5.2 File identifier length 19 8.6 Directory identifier 20 8.6.1 Directory identifier format 20 8.6.2 Reserved directory identifiers 20 8.6.3 Directory identifier length 20 9 Volume descriptors 20 9.1 Format of a volume descriptor 20 9.1.1 General 20 9.1.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) 20 9.1.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6) 21 9.1.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) 21 9.1.5 Depends on volume descriptor type (BP 8 to 2 048) 21 9.2 Bootrecord 21 9.2.1 General 21 9.2.2 Volume descriptor type (BP 1) 21 9.2.3 Standard identifier (BP 2 to 6) 22 9.2.4 Volume descriptor version (BP 7) 22 9.2.5 Boo