ISO/IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 40314 First edition 2016-03-01 Information technology Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 2nd Edition Technologies de I'information - Langage de marquage mathématique (MathML) Version 3.0 2e édition Reference number IS0/IEC 40314:2016(E) IEC . International Organization for Standardization @IS0/IEC2016 vided by IHS underI IS0/IEC 40314:2016(E) COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT ISO/IEC2016,PublishedinSwitzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 . CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel.+41 22 749 0111 Fax+41227490947 [email protected] www.iso.org Intenationai br Prganizationfor Standardization icensee-ZHEJIANG INST OF STANJSA6FEC 3.6 -All rights reserved vided by IHS unde Not for Resale, 2016/4/26 02:39:46 etworking permitted without license from IHS IS0/IEC 40314:2016(E) FOREWORD IsO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with IsO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the Iso list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of Iso specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information ISO/IEC 40314 was prepared by W3C and was adopted, under the PAS procedure, by Joint Technical Committee ISo/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with its approval by national bodies of ISO and IEC. ii ISO/IEC 40314:2016(E) Contents 1 Introduction 9 1.1 Mathematics and its Notation 9 1.2 Origins and Goals 10 1.2.1 Design Goals of MathML 10 1.3 Overview 11 1.4 A First Example 11 2 MathML Fundamentals 14 2.1 MathML Syntax and Grammar 14 2.1.1 General Considerations 14 2.1.2 MathML and Namespaces 14 2.1.3 Children versus Arguments 15 .. 2.1.4 MathML and Rendering 15 2.1.5 MathML Attribute Values 15 2.1.6 Attributes Shared by all MathML Elements 20 2.1.7 Collapsing Whitespace in Input 21 2.2 The Top-Level <math> Element 22 2.2.1 Attributes 22 2.2.2 Deprecated Attributes 24 2.3 Conformance 24 2.3.1 MathML Conformance 24 2.3.2 Handling of Errors 27 2.3.