ISO/IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 19501 First edition 2005-04-01 Information technology Open Distributed Processing Unified Modeling Language (UML) Version 1.4.2 Technologies de I'information Traitement distribue ouvert - Langage de modelisation unifie (UML), version 1.4.2 Reference number ISO/IEC 19501:2005(E) IEC [so Copyright International Organization for Standardization @ISO/IEC2005 Not for Resale ISO/IEC19501:2005(E) PDFdisclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by IsO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below ?ISO/IEC2005 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, IsO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 . CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail [email protected] Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland yemainagazainandardizato ISO/IEC2005-Allrightsreserved mittedwithoutlicense from IHS Not for Resale ISO/IEC 19501:2005(E) Scope. 2 Normative references 2.1 Identical Recommendations I International Standards 3 General Information 3.1 Description 2 3.2 Outside the Scope of the UML 3 3.2.1 Programming Languages... 3 3.2.2 Toois ... 3 3.2.3Process 3.3 Primary Artifacts of the UML 3.3.1 UML-defining Artifacts 3.3.2 Development Project Artifacts 3.4 Motivation to Define the UML 3.4.1 Why We Model ..... 3.4.2 Industry Trends in Software . 3.4.3 Prior to Industry Convergence ... 3.5 Goals of the UML 3.5.1 Comparing UML to Other Modeling Languages 3.5.2FeaturesoftheUML 8 3.6 UML - Past, Present, and Future 10 3.6.1 UML 0.8 - 0.91 . 10 3.6.2 UML Partners . 3.6.3 UML - Present and Future 4 UML Semantics 13 Part 1 - Background 4.1 Introduction 13 4.1.1 Purpose and Scope 13 4.1.2 Approach .. 13 4.2 Language Architecture 14 4.2.1 Four-Layer Metamodel Architecture 14 4.2.2 Package Structure... 15 4.3 Language Formalism 17 4.3.1 Levels of Formalism. 17 4.3.2 Package Specification Structure 18 4.3.3 Use of a Constraint Language 19 4.3.4 Use of Natural Language 19 4.3.5 Naming Conventions and Typography 20 Part 2 - Foundation 4.4 Foundation Package .. 20 4.5 Core.. 21 4.5.1Overview.. 21 4.5.2 Abstract Syntax . 21 4.5.3 Well-Formedness Rules . 51 4.5.4 Detailed Semantics ..... .63 @ ISO/IEC 2005 - All rights reserved ili Copyright International Organization for Standar rom IHS Not for Resale ISO/IEC 19501:2005(E) 4.6 Extension Mechanisms 69 4.6.1 Overview .... 69 4.6.2 Abstract Syntax 71 4.6.3 Well-Formedness Rules 74 4.6.4 Detailed Semantics 76 4.6.5 Notes .... 77 4.7 Data Types 78 4.7.1 Overview 78 4.7.2 Abstract Syntax 78 Part 3 - Behavioral Elements 4.8 Behavioral Elements Package. .85 4.9 Common Behavior 85 4.9.1 Overview .85 4.9.2 Abstract Syntax .... 85 4.9.3 Well-Formedness Rules .96 4.9.4 Detailed Semantics ... 101 4.10 Collaborations 103 4.10.10verview 103 4.10.2AbstractSyntax 104 4.10.3 Well-Formedness Rules.. 111 4.10.4 Detailed Semantics .115 4.10.5 Notes 118 4.11 Use Cases ... .119 4.11.1 Overview 119 4.11.2 Abstract Syntax .119 4.11.3 Well-Formedness Rules... 122 4.11.4 Detailed Semantics ... 124 4.11.5 Notes 128 4.12 State Machines 128 4.12.1 Overview 128 4.12.2 Abstract Syntax 128 4.12.3 Well-FormednessRules 136 4.12.4 Detailed Semantics 140 4.12.5 Notes ..... .148 4.13 Activity Graphs 152 4.13.1 Overview