ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 25964-2 First edition 2013-03-15 Information and documentation : Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies : Part 2: Interoperability with other vocabularies InformationetdocumentationThesaurusetinteropérabiliteavec d'autresvocabulaires- Partie 2: Interopérabilite avec d'autres vocabulaires Reference number ISO 25964-2:2013(E) ISO2013 ISO 25964-2:2013(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT @ ISO 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either Iso at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 . CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail [email protected] Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland @ ISO 2013 - All riahts reserved ISO25964-2:2013(E) Contents Page Foreword. Introduction.. .vi 1 Scope.. 2 Normative references... 3 Terms and definitions ... 4 Symbols, abbreviations and other conventions ... 15 5 Objectives and identification .... ..16 5.1 Objectives of interoperability and mapping ... 16 5.2 Identifying the elements to be mapped.. .16 6 Structural models for mapping across vocabularies . .16 6.1 General ..... 6.2 Model 1: Structural unity . 17 6.3 Model 2: Direct-linked .. 17 6.4 Model3:Hubstructure 17 6.5 Selective mapping. .19 6.6 Choosing among the options.... 20 7 Types of mapping. 20 7.1 General 20 8 Equivalence mappings.. 21 8.1 8.2 Simple equivalence . 21 8.3 Compound equivalence 22 9 Hierarchical mappings.. .25 10 Associative mappings. .25 11 Exact, inexact and partial equivalence... .26 11.1 .26 11.2 Exact equivalence ... .26 11.3 Inexact equivalence... 27 11.4 Partial equivalence .. 27 12 Use of mappings in information retrieval . .28 12.1 12.2 Humanmediation. .28 12.3 Examples of mapping implementation.... 29 12.4 13 Handling pre-coordination 31 13.1 13.2 Mapping between a thesaurus and a scheme with context-dependent captions .. .32 13.3 Mapping more complex classes ... 37 14 Techniques for identifying candidate mappings 38 14.1 General procedure...... .38 14.2 Computer assisted direct matching . .40 14.3 Co-occurrence mapping .... 40 14.4 Other methods.... .40 15 Managing the data . 41 15.1 Types of data to be recorded 15.2 Storing the data ... 43 15.3 Maintaining the mappings data.... 43 i"ahts reserved ili ISO25964-2:2013(E) 16 Display of mapped vocabularies.. .45 16.1 16.2 Single record display .. .46 16.3 Complete displays based on one of the vocabularies.. .48 16.4 17 Classification schemes .... 17.1 Key characteristics and background. ..50 17.2 Semantic components and relationships compared with thesaurus components. .53 17.3 Recommendations for mapping between a thesaurus and a classification scheme. ..55 18 Classification schemes used for records management. ..56 18.1 Key characteristics and background... 18.2 Semantic components and relationships compared with thesaurus components ..57 18.3 Recommendations for interoperability with a thesaurus ... .58 19 Taxonomies... ..59 19.1 Key characteristics and background. ..59 19.2 Types of taxonomies ... 19.3 Semantic components and relationships . .61 19.4 Mapping between a thesaurus and a taxonomy...... .63 20 Subject heading schemes... .67 20.1 Keycharacteristicsandbackground 20.2 Semantic components and relationships .. ..68 20.3 Mapping subject headings to and from thesaurus concepts ... ..69 21 Ontologies. 21.1 Key characteristics and background. .72 21.2 Semantic components and relationships ... ...73 21.3 Structural comparison between thesauri and ontologies ... ..76 21.4 Interoperability with thesauri.... ..77 22 Terminologies. .78 22.1 Key characteristics and background.. 22.2 Semantic components and relationships compared with those of a thesaurus .79 22.3 Interoperability with thesauri... ..81 23 Name authority lists ... 23