ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 12100 First edition 2010-11-01 Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reduction Sécurite des machines - Principes généraux de conception - Appréciation du risque et reduction du risque Reference number ISO 12100:2010(E) Licensed to AX AshleighLewis ([email protected]) ISOStore E40/Downloaded:2017-12-08 Single user /ing and networking prohibited. @ ISO 2010 ISO 12100:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by IsO member bodies. In COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either isO at the address below or IsO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 . CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail [email protected] Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland Licensed to AXYZ International / Ashleigh Lewis ([email protected]) ISO Store Order:OP-255140 /Downloaded: 2017-12-08 Single user licence only, copying and networking prohibited ii @IsO 2010-All rights reserved ISO 12100:2010(E) Contents Page Foreword. Introduction. .. vi 1 Scope. 2 Normative references... 3 Terms and definitions . 4 Strategy for risk assessment and risk reduction... .9 5 Risk assessment . 12 5.1 General ... 12 5.2 Informationforriskassessment 12 5.3 5.3.1 General 13 5.3.2 Use limits 13 5.3.3 Space limits. 14 5.3.4 Time limits. 14 5.3.5 Other limits. 14 5.4 Hazard identification . 14 5.5 Risk estimation ....... 16 5.5.1 General.. 16 5.5.2 Elements of risk.. 17 5.5.3 Aspects to be considered during risk estimation.... 19 5.6 Risk evaluation .. 21 5.6.1 General. 21 5.6.2 Adequate risk reduction . 21 5.6.3 Comparison of risks... 6 Risk reduction.. 22 6.1 General .... 22 6.2 Inherently safe design measures.. 23 6.2.1 23 6.2.2 Consideration of geometrical factors and physical aspects.... 6.2.3 Taking into account general technical knowledge of machine design . .24 6.2.4 Choice of appropriate technology . 25 6.2.5 Applying principle of positive mechanical action... .25 6.2.6 Provisions for stability... 25 6.2.7 Provisions for maintainability. 26 6.2.8 Observing ergonomic principles .. 26 6.2.9 Electrical hazards...... 27 6.2.10 Pneumatic and hydraulic hazards . 27 6.2.11 Applying inherently safe design measures to control systems.. 28 6.2.12 2Minimizing probability of failure of safety functions ...... 33 6.2.13 Limiting exposure to hazards through reliability of equipment... 6.2.14 Limiting exposure to hazards through mechanization or automation of loading (feeding)/ unloading (removal)operations.... ..34 6.2.15 Limiting exposure to hazards through location of setting and maintenance points outside dangerzones 34 6.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures .. .34 6.3.1 General ...... ..34 6.3.2 Selection and implementation of guards and protective devices...... 6.3.3 Requirements for design of guards and protective devices.... ..40 6.3.4 Safeguarding to reduce emissions..... 43 Licensed to AXYZ International / Ashleigh Lewis ([email protected]) ISOStoreOrder:OP-255140/Downloaded:2017-12-0 IsO 2010-All rights reserved Single user licence only, copying and networking prohibited. ili ISO 12100:2010(E) 6.3.5 6.4 Information for use. .46 6