ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 4 Third edition 1997-12-15 Information and documentation Rules for the abbreviation of title words and titles of publications Information et documentation Regles pour I'abreviation des mots dans lestitresetdestitresdespublications Accessed by UNSW - LIBRARY on 02 Dec 2017 (Document currency not guaranteed when printed) ISo Reference number ISO 4:1997(E) ISO 4:1997(E) Foreword federation of national standards organizations (iSO member bodies). The IsO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for whichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttobe representedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with IsO, also take part in the work. IsO collaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC46， Informationanddocumentation, Subcommittee SC 9, printed) Presentation, identification and description of documents. d when which it constitutes a technical revision. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only. @ISO1997 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56:CH-1211Geneve20·Switzerland Internet [email protected] X.400 C=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; S=central Printed in Switzerland ii @ ISO ISO 4:1997(E) Introduction Therulescontainedhereinareapplicabletotheabbreviationofthetitlesof thetitlesof publicationscited,forexample,infootnotes,referencesand bibliographies. Such citations include those produced by abstracting and indexing services, lists of references accompanying articles, and public or privatefileswheredocumentidentificationisaconcern. Owing to the large number of different serial and non-serial publications in which they are published, the different ways of recording them and the widely diversified backgrounds of persons using title abbreviations, it is not possible to set down rules that will in every instance assure unassisted reconstruction of the original titles of the publications cited in abbreviated form. As one way to facilitate this identification, authors and editors who Accessed by UNSW - LIBRARY on 02 Dec 2017 (Document currency not guaranteed when printed) makeavailable totheir readers, at frequent intervals,lists ofthe abbreviated titles they use, with corresponding equivalent unabbreviated titles. The basic principle underlying this International Standard is that each title should have its own unique abbreviation. This is to be achieved through application of the rules provided by this International Standard in conjunction with a list of standardized title word abbreviations. It is system for the establishment of unique title abbreviations of serials is also necessary. By this arrangement, no two titles will have identical abbreviations, nor will a single abbreviation represent more than one title ili