ISO/TR TECHNICAL REPORT 14049 Second edition 2012-06-01 Environmental management Life cycle assessment Illustrative examples on how to apply sO 14044 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis Management environnemental — Analyse du cycle de vie — Exemples illustrant I'application de IisO 14044 a la definition de I'objectif et du champ d'étude et a I'analyse deIinventaire Reference number ISO/TR 14049:2012(E) @ISO 2012 IHS unde nse from IHS Not for Resale ISO/TR 14049:2012(E) COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT @ISO2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either isO at the address below or Iso's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 : CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail [email protected] Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland @ ISO 2012 - All rights reserved itted without license from IHS Not for Resale ISO/TR 14049:2012(E) Contents Page Foreword Introduction .vi 1 Scope. 2 General 3 Examples of developing functions, functional units and reference flows 3.1 Context of Iso 14044.. 3.2 Overview..... 3.3 Identification of functions..... 3.4 Selection of functions and definition of functional unit.. 3.5 Identification of performance of the product and determination of the reference flow.. 3.6 Additionalexamples. .6 4 Examples of distinguishing functions of comparative systems 4.1 Context of ISO 14044..... 4.2 Overview.... 4.3 Identification and selection of functions . 4.4 Equivalence of reference flows... 4.5 Adjusting for performance differences 10 5 Examples of establishing inputs and outputs of unit processes and system boundaries ... 5.1 Context of ISo 14044... 11 5.2 12 5.3 Determining the product system's unit processes and their boundaries.... 5.4 Initial collection of data at each unit processes... 15 5.5 Initial estimate of material and energy flows.. 16 5.6 Applying decision rules ..... 18 5.7 Inputs,outputsandsystemboundariesestablished.. 19 6 Examples of avoiding allocation... 6.1 Context of ISO 14044... 19 6.2 Overview.... .20 6.3 Example of allocation avoidance by dividing the unit process to be allocated into two or more processes... 21 6.4 Example of allocation avoidance by expanding the boundaries for comparison of systems with different outputs .... .21 Examples of allocation.. 23 7.1 Context of Iso 14044... 7.2 Overview..... 24 7.3 Description of the examples .. 24 8 Example of applying allocation procedures for recycling ... .27 8.1 Context of ISo 14044.... 27 8.2 Overview.... 8.3 Description of the examples 29 9 Examples of conducting data quality assessment. 38 9.1 Context of ISo 14044. 38 9.2 9.3 Data requirements to establish the specific listing of sites... .40 9.4 Requirements to characterize the quality of the data..... 41 Copyrght InternationalOrganizaiSadardizaoghtsreserved ili nse from IHS Not for Resale