ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 22274 First edition 2013-01-15 Systems to manage terminology, knowledge and content Concept- related aspects for developing and internationalizing classification systems Systemes de gestion de la terminologie, de la connaissance et ducontenu- -Aspects conceptuels du développement et de la localization des systemes des classement Reference number IS022274:2013(E) LSO @ IS0 2013 HS under I without license from IHS Not for Resale IS0 22274:2013(E) COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT ISO 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IsO at the addressbeloworIso'smemberbodyinthecountryoftherequester. ISo copyright office Case postale 56:CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel:+41227490111 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 E-mail [email protected] Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland @ IS0 2013 - All rights reserved networkingpemittedwithoutlicensefromIHS Not for Resale IS0 22274:2013(E) Contents Page Foreword ..iv Introduction. ..V 1 Scope. ..1 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Relations to other documents ..6 5 Fundamental development considerations for classification systems. ..6 5.1 General 6 5.2 Application domains ..7 5.3 Generic requirements ..8 5.4 Structuring principles 5.5 Descriptive requirements ..16 6 Terminological principles related to classification systems ..18 6.1 General. .18 6.2 Terminological principles related to definitions .19 6.3 Terminological principles related to class names. .19 7 Concept systems and classification systems .21 7.1 Basic principles of concept systems. .21 7.2 Differences between concept systems and classification systems .23 7.3 Difficulties that may occur in non-concept system-based classification systems ..24 7.4 How to use a concept system to build a classification system .26 8 Requirements for an internationalized classification ..32 8.1 Motivation .32 8.2 Enabling multilingual environments .33 8.3 Class identifiers .33 9 Internationalization aspects .34 9.1 General. .34 9.2 Maintaining parallel concept systems. 34 9.3 Guidelines for the creation of internationalized classification systems 34 10 Localization aspects. .35 10.1 General .35 10.2 Leadinglocale 36 10.3 Names for classes, properties or values in different locales. .36 10.4 Locale-specific objects, classes, properties and value domains .36 10.5 Different classification criteria 37 10.6 Different intensions of concepts .37 10.7 Brand names .38 10.8 Further cultural aspects .38 11 Workflow and administration issues .41 Annex A (informative) Descriptive information of existing classification systems ..43 Annex B (informative) Rules for creating hierarchies of concepts and classes ..48 Bibliography ..50 iii se with ISt ed without license from IHS Not for Resale